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Class 9 – Understanding Society: India and Beyond, Part 1

Chapter-wise Topics

Ch.	Chapter	Subject	Main Topics
1	Understanding Social Science	Social Science	Meaning and scope of Social Science, Geography, History, Political Science, Economics, sources of history, Indian knowledge traditions, evidence and inquiry
2	Shaping of the Earth’s Surface	Geography	Earth's structure, plate tectonics, continental movement, earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering, erosion, deposition, rivers, glaciers, wind and sea waves, landforms
3	Atmosphere and Climate	Geography	Atmosphere, composition and structure, weather, climate, temperature, air pressure, winds, humidity, rainfall, monsoon, climate change and environmental issues
4	Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation	History	Human evolution, early humans, archaeology, stone tools, hunter-gatherers, migration, fire, agriculture, domestication, settlements, Neolithic/Chalcolithic cultures, Sindhu–Sarasvatī civilisation, Mesopotamia, Egypt and China
5	State and Society up to 1000 CE	History	Early Indian states, Vedic period, four Vedas, mahājanapadas, Buddhism, Jainism, Mauryan Empire, Gupta period, regional states, administration, society, economy, culture and ideas of dharma and chakravarti samrāṭ
6	Democracy	Political Science	Meaning of democracy, popular sovereignty, citizenship, equality, rule of law, constitutional government, rights and responsibilities, institutions, participation and challenges to democracy
7	Elections	Political Science	Elections, constituencies, representation, political parties, candidates, campaigning, voting, majority, Election Commission, free and fair elections and electoral participation
8	Building Blocks in Economics: The Problem of Choice	Economics	Scarcity, needs and wants, resources, choice, trade-offs, opportunity cost, production possibilities, economic systems, planned/market/mixed economies, entrepreneurship and India's economic choices
9	The Price Puzzle: What Drives the Market	Economics	Markets, buyers and sellers, demand, supply, price determination, equilibrium, competition, price changes, market incentives and government intervention

The official contents sequence places Chapters 2–3 under Geography, Chapters 4–5 under History, Chapters 6–7 under Political Science, and Chapters 8–9 under Economics.

Quick Subject-wise Division

Social Science Foundation

Understanding Social Science

Geography
2. Shaping of the Earth's Surface
3. Atmosphere and Climate

History
4. Early Humans and Beginning of Civilisation
5. State and Society up to 1000 CE

Political Science
6. Democracy
7. Elections

Economics
8. Building Blocks in Economics: The Problem of Choice
9. The Price Puzzle: What Drives the Market

This is the complete 9-chapter list for Part 1 of the new 2026–27 book.

Tags: Class 9 SST Class 9 Social Science Class 9 Understanding Society: India and Beyond Part 1