### Questions and Activities – Answers

### 1\. How do different features of the ocean floor affect human activities such as fishing, transport, and underwater exploration?

Answer: Different features of the ocean floor affect human activities in the following ways:

* Continental shelf: It is rich in fish and petroleum resources, making it suitable for fishing and offshore oil extraction.

* Deep ocean basins: They are important for scientific research and underwater exploration.

* Ocean trenches: They help scientists study the deepest parts of the ocean.

* Mid-ocean ridges: They help scientists understand volcanic activity and the formation of the ocean floor.

### 2\. How do waves, tides, and ocean currents influence climate, marine life, and human activities around the world?

Answer:

* Waves: Help circulate oxygen and nutrients and influence coastal erosion.

* Tides: Support fishing, navigation, and tidal energy generation.

* Ocean currents: Distribute heat around the Earth, influence climate, and carry nutrients that support marine life.

These movements also affect shipping, tourism, and other coastal activities.

### 3\. Describe the importance of marine resources.

Answer: Marine resources are important because they:

* Provide fish and other seafood for food.

* Provide employment through fishing, tourism, and shipping.

* Supply petroleum, natural gas, salt, and other minerals.

* Support biodiversity and maintain ecological balance.

* Provide renewable energy through tides and offshore winds.

### 4\. Draw a poster that encourages people to protect marine resources. Include a slogan and explain your message in 2–3 sentences.


### SAVE OUR SEAS!

### Protect Marine Life, Protect Our Future

Say NO to plastic • Keep oceans clean • Protect marine animals

Explanation: Oceans provide food, oxygen, and livelihoods to millions of people. We should avoid throwing plastic and other waste into the sea and protect marine animals and their habitats.

### 5\. Using a map of India, mark at least five coastal states that might need tsunami warnings.

Answer: Mark these five coastal states on the map of India:

* Gujarat

* Maharashtra

* Tamil Nadu

* Andhra Pradesh

* Odisha

Other coastal states that may also need tsunami warnings include Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and West Bengal. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are also vulnerable to tsunamis.

### 6\. Work in a group and act out what would happen when a cyclone warning is issued. Highlight the roles of scientists, officials, and coastal villagers.

Answer:

* Scientists: Monitor weather conditions and predict the cyclone's path and intensity.

* Government officials: Issue warnings, arrange evacuation, and open relief shelters.

* Police and rescue teams: Help people move to safe places and provide emergency assistance.

* Coastal villagers: Follow official instructions, move to shelters, and carry essential supplies.

* Medical workers: Provide first aid and emergency medical care.

Conclusion: Cooperation and timely action help save lives and reduce damage during a cyclone.

### 7\. Suppose a foreign ship is sailing through India's territorial sea. What principle allows the ship to pass through these waters, subject to certain conditions?

Answer: The principle of innocent passage allows a foreign ship to pass through India's territorial sea, provided its passage is continuous and expeditious and does not threaten India's peace, security, or good order.

### 8\. A country has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extending up to 200 nautical miles from its baseline. What rights does the country have over the natural resources in this zone?

Answer: Within its EEZ, a country has sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage natural resources, including fish, petroleum, natural gas, and other resources of the seabed and its subsoil. It also has jurisdiction over certain activities, such as marine scientific research and the protection of the marine environment, under international law.

Other countries retain certain freedoms, including navigation and overflight, subject to international law.

### 9\. Create a model of an ocean with ship routes, protected zones, and safety measures. Based on the model, explain how it follows maritime laws and protects the ocean.

Answer:

Materials required: Cardboard, blue paper or paint, toy ships, coloured paper, markers, and labels.

Steps to make the model:

* Use blue paper or paint to represent the ocean.

* Draw shipping routes and place toy ships along them.

* Mark marine protected areas where fishing and other activities may be restricted.

* Add lighthouses, buoys, and warning signs for navigation safety.

* Mark an oil-spill response area and a waste collection point.

Explanation: The model follows maritime laws by showing safe navigation routes and protected marine areas. It promotes responsible fishin

g, prevents marine pollution, and highlights the importance of navigation safety and conserving ocean resources.